Instrument appearance is check of in order to goes out, measure, observation, computation parameter of sex of composition of all sorts of physical quantity, material, content the appliance that wait or equipment. Watch of vacuum leak detector, pressure, measure chief instrument, microscope, multiplier to wait to all belong to instrument appearance. For broad sense, instrument appearance also can have automata, call the police, signal is delivered and the function such as data processing, the pneumatic in be being used at industry to produce process automata for example adjusts appearance, mix dynamoelectric adjustment appearance, and distributing center model appearance control system all also belongs to instrument appearance.
Improvement, can patulous or instrument appearance is compensatory of the person luscious. People is used sensory go inspecting, listen, taste, touch external object, and the instrument appearance such as microscope, telescopic, sound level plan, acidity plan, pyrometer, can be improved and of patulous person these are luscious; Additional, some instruments appearance can be experienced computation plan like gaussmeter, ray and measure the physical quantity that sensory place of the person cannot experience; The ability that returns some instruments appearance to be able to exceed a person goes record, computation and computation, wait like high speed camera, computer.
Instrument appearance development already had long history. According to " Han Fei child · has degree " account, china already had the guideline instrument that uses natural magnet to be made in period of the Warring States, call department south. Archaic instrument belongs to in order to more in very long history period the directional, simple instrument that time or uses for metrology.
18 centuries of 17 ～ , the principle that a few physicist of Europe begin to use electric current and magnetic field active force is made simple galvanometric; Use the binoculars that optical lens makes, laid the foundation of electricity and telescope. Other a few used at all sorts of instruments that measure and observe to also get developing gradually then.
19 centuries arrive 20 centuries, industrial Revolution and modern mass production promoted the development of new learning division and new technology, appeared again later computer and dimensional technique, instrument appearance also gets rapid development consequently. Contemporary instrument appearance already was become measure, the technical tool with control and implementation indispensable automation.
Instrument appearance is the integrated child of a variety of science and technology, breed is various, use extensive, and update ceaselessly, have a variety of classification methods. Will divide by use purpose and utility, basically measure measures appearance, car appearance, tractor appearance, marine instrument of appearance, aviation appearance, navigation, drive microwave of instrument of test of instrument, radio, carrier wave checks instrument, geological exploration to check instrument, building materials.
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